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文章编号：1672-6987（2026）02-0099-07；DOI：10. 16351/j. 1672-6987. 2026. 02. 015
傅德林 1 ，唐明梅 1 ，孙鲁宁 1 ，赵朋成 1* ，谭 龙 1 ，付春霞 2 ，胡家琨 2 （1. 青岛科技大学 机电工程学院，山东 青岛 266061； 2. 青岛市产品质量检验研究院，山东 青岛 266101）
摘 要：采用实验和有限元分析的方法，对热水器内胆的变形 SS304 不锈钢激光焊环形卷边 接头显微组织、裂纹和耐蚀性进行了研究。用明暗场金相显微镜分析了接头组织构成和裂纹 形态，采用 Simufact welding 软件模拟了焊接过程中接头的瞬态温度场和应力场。此外，使用 电化学工作站测得了卷边接头和母材在质量分数 3. 5% 的 NaCl 溶液中的动电位极化曲线。 研究结果表明，环形卷边接头的显微组织主要由熔合区内的粗大柱状树枝晶和少量等轴晶组 成，母材区出现大量冷裂纹而熔合区内存在少量气孔缺陷。焊接热应力、周向强拘束度和拉 伸变形引起的韧性下降等因素在焊根处形成应力集中，导致裂纹产生。焊前变形 SS304 不锈 钢的再结晶退火可防止接头内裂纹的形成。激光焦点向薄壁接管的偏移致使薄壁接管的高 温分布区域比厚壁进水管的大，接头冷却后焊根处产生最大等效应力 397 MPa，与实验中裂纹 开口的位置一致。母材和接头在含氯离子环境下的自腐蚀电位分别是−0. 5 和−0. 26 V，但 接头的钝化区间要比母材的窄。卷边接头的腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率分别为 2. 13×10−7 A · cm−2 和 2. 4×10−3 mm · a−1 ，接头的耐蚀性下降。
关键词：变形 SS304 不锈钢；激光焊接；卷边接头；裂纹分析；耐蚀性
中图分类号：T 456. 7 文献标志码：A
引用格式：傅德林，唐明梅，孙鲁宁，等 . 变形 SS304 不锈钢激光焊环形卷边接头裂纹与耐蚀 性研究［J］. 青岛科技大学学报（自然科学版），2026，47（2）：99-105.
FU Delin， TANG Mingmei， SUN Luning， et al. Study on cracks and corrosion resistance of laser-welded circular edge joints of deformed SS304 stainless steel［J］. Journal of Qingdao Uni⁃ versity of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition），2026，47（2）：99-105.
Study on Cracks and Corrosion Resistance of Laser-Welded Circular Edge Joints of Deformed SS304 Stainless Steel
FU Delin1 ，TANG Mingmei1 ，SUN Luning1 ，ZHAO Pengcheng1 ，TAN Long1 ，FU Chunxia2 ，HU Jiakun2 （1. College of Electromechanical Engineering， Qingdao University of Science and Technology， Qingdao 266061， China； 2. Qingdao Product Quality Supervision and Testing Research Institute， Qingdao 266101， China）
Abstract：The microstructure， cracks and corrosion resistance of laser-welded circular edge joints of SS304 stainless steel in heater tank were studied by experiments and finite element methods. The microstructure and crack morphology of the joint were analyzed by bright and dark field metallographic microscope， and the transient temperature fields and stress fields of the joint during the welding process were simulated by using Simufact welding software. In addition， the dynamic potential polarization curves of edge joint and base metal in 3. 5% NaCl solution were measured using an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the micro⁃ structure of circular edge joints is mainly composed of coarse columnar dendrites and a small amount of equiaxed crystals in the fusion zone， and there are cold cracks and porosity defects in the base metal zone and the fusion zone， respectively. The cause of the crack is the stress con⁃ centration at the weld root generated by welding thermal stress， circumferential restraint and toughness reduction induced by tensile deformation. The recrystallization annealing of deformed SS304 stainless steel before welding can prevent the formation of cracks in joints. The shift of the laser focus to the thin-walled nozzle results in a larger high-temperature distribution area of the thin-walled nozzle than that of the thick-walled inlet pipe. The maximum equivalent stress at the weld root after cooling is 397 MPa， and its position is consistent with that of the crack opening in experiments. The self-corrosion potentials of the base metal and the joint in the chloride-containing environment are −0. 5 and −0. 26 V， respectively， but the passivation range of the joint is narrower than that of the base metal. The corrosion current den⁃ sity and corrosion rate of the joint are 2. 13×10−7 A · cm−2 and 2. 4×10−3 mm · a−1 ， respec⁃ tively， and the corrosion resistance of the joint decreases.
Key words：deformed SS304 stainless steel； laser welding； edge joint； crack analysis； corro⁃ sion resistance
收稿日期：2025-05-08
基金项目：中国-乌克兰政府间科技交流项目（2022—2023）. 作
者简介：傅德林（1997—），男，硕士研究生 . * 通信联系人 .
