高强度纤维素碳纳米纤维气凝胶的
制备及其光热海水淡化性能
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文章编号： 1672 6987（2022）05 -0050-07； DOI： 10.16351/j.1672-6987.2022.05.007
刘巧铃1， 彭倩倩1， 赵志杰2， 宗鲁1*(1.青岛科技大学 高分子科学与工程学院，山东 青岛 266042；2.山东星宇手套有限公司，山东 高密 261500)
摘要： 基于TEMPO氧化的纳米纤维素在酸性条件下易发生凝胶化特性，制备了纳米纤维素水凝胶。并进一步采用冷冻干燥技术和高温煅烧的方法，最终形成了具有多孔结构的碳纳米纤维气凝胶材料。通过扫描电镜观察了在催化剂和不同煅烧温度煅烧后的孔结构变化，当加入催化剂、煅烧温度为500 ℃的条件下，得到的纤维素碳纳米纤维气凝胶更加致密，内部纤维更加纤细。优异的孔结构和纤维结构主要得益于加入的催化剂加速了纤维素脱水和降低了纤维素的降解温度，使得纳米纤维素在合适的煅烧温度下得以较好地碳化。红外光谱表明碳化后的气凝胶仍具有较强的羟基，表现出较强的亲水性。通过BET比表面积测试，气凝胶的比表面积为28 m2·g-1。压缩性能测试实验表明该气凝胶具有较高的抗压强度（366 MPa），利用太阳光模拟器测量该碳纳米纤维气凝胶在海水淡化过程中的光热水蒸发性能，其光热转换效率达到了92%。同时，该材料具有很好的耐用性，经过约60 h的长时间循环使用，光热水蒸发速率仍保持在18 kg·（m2·h）-1。
关键词： 纳米纤维素； 碳气凝胶； 光热水蒸发
中图分类号： TQ 427.26文献标志码： A
引用格式： 刘巧铃，彭倩倩，赵志杰，等. 高强度纤维素碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其光热海水淡化性能［J］. 青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 43(5): 50-56.
LIU Qiaoling, PENG Qianqian, ZHAO Zhijie, et al. Preparation of high-strength carbon nanofiber aerogel derived from cellulose nanofibrils and its photothermal seawater desalination［J］. Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition), 2022， 43（3）： 50-56.
Preparation of High-strength Carbon Nanofiber Aerogel Derived from
Cellulose Nanofibrils and Its Photothermal Seawater Desalination
LIU Qiaoling1， PENG Qianqian1， ZHAO Zhijie2， ZONG Lu1
(1．College of Polymer Science and Engineering，Qingdao University of Science and Technology,
Qingdao 266042，China; 2. Shandong Xingyu Gloves Co., Ltd., Gaomi 261500，China)
Abstract: Nanocellulose hydrogels were prepared based on the easy gelation of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose under acidic conditions. And further freeze-drying technique and high temperature calcination were used to finally form carbon nanofiber aerogel materials with porous structures. The changes of pore structure after calcination with catalyst and different calcination temperatures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. When the catalyst was added and the calcination temperature was 500 ℃, the obtained cellulose carbon nanofiber aerogel was more dense and the internal fibers were more slender. The excellent pore and fiber structure is mainly due to the added catalyst which accelerates the cellulose dehydration and lowers the cellulose degradation temperature, allowing a better carbonization of the nanocellulose at a suitable calcination temperature. Further, the IR spectra showed that the carbonized aerogel still had strong hydroxyl groups and exhibited strong hydrophilicity. The specific surface area of the aerogel was 28 m2·g-1 by BET specific surface area test. The compression performance test experiments shows that the aerogel has high compressive strength (366 MPa), and the photothermal conversion efficiency of this carbon nanofiber aerogel reaches 92% when the solar light simulator is used to measure the photothermal water evaporation performance in seawater desalination process. Meanwhile, the material has good durability, and the evaporation rate of photothermal water remains at 18 kg·(m2·h) -1 after a long cycle of 60 h.
Key words: nanocellulose; carbon nanofiber aerogel; photothermal water evaporation
收稿日期： 2021-09-12
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目(51903134).
作者简介： 刘巧铃(1994—)，男,硕士研究生.*通信联系人.
