典型硅化合物阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的火灾安全性能

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文章编号： 1672-6987（2024）02-0100-09； DOI： 10.16351/j.1672-6987.2024.02.012

欧明昱， 万敏， 陈希磊*(青岛科技大学 环境与安全工程学院， 山东 青岛 266042)

摘要： 将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为阻燃剂，以提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)的火灾安全性能。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对其进行表征，根据锥形量热仪测试(CCT)、微型量热仪(MCC)、热重分析(TG)、热重-红外联用(TG-IR)和极限氧指数（LOI）测试RPUF复合材料火灾安全性能。CCT结果表明，RPUF/TEOS复合材料的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)降低。RPUF/TEOS10的点燃时间与纯RPUF相比延长了7倍，复合材料的CO和CO2的峰值释放速率均降低。RPUF/TEOS20烟释放速率峰值（PSPR）降低了35%。RPUF/TEOS10的火灾性能指数(FPI)是纯RPUF的742倍，而火灾蔓延指数(FGI)是纯RPUF的024倍。RPUF/TEOS复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值均高于纯RPUF。TEOS的加入使RPUF/TEOS复合材料的炭层更加稳定与致密，抑制了热和氧的传递。因此，TEOS的引入提高了RPUF复合材料的火灾安全性能。

关键词： 硬质聚氨酯泡沫； 火灾安全性能； 正硅酸乙酯； 阻燃性能

中图分类号：TQ 328文献标志码： A

引用格式： 欧明昱， 万敏， 陈希磊. 典型硅化合物阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的火灾安全性能［J］. 青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 45（2）： 100-108.

OU Mingyu, WAN Min, CHEN Xilei. Fire safety performance of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a typical silicon compound［J］. Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology（Natural Science Edition), 2024， 45（2）： 100-108.

Fire Safety Performance of Flame-retardant Rigid

Polyurethane Foam with a Typical Silicon Compound

OU Mingyu, WAN Min, CHEN Xilei

(College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China)

Abstract: Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as an environmentally friendly flame retardant to enhance the fire safety performance of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize the rigid polyurethane foam composites. The fire safety performance of rigid polyurethane foam composites was tested by cone calorimeter (CCT), micro calorimeter (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), thermogravimetric infrared (TG-IR), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results revealed the PHRR (peak heat release rate) values of RPUF/TEOS composites were reduced. The ignition time of RPUF/TEOS10 increased by seven times as long as unmodified RPUF, and the peak CO and CO2 release rates of RPUF/TEOS composites all decreased. The PSPR of RPUF/TEOS20 decreased by 35%. Fire performance index (FPI) of RPUF/TEOS10 was 742 times as high as unmodified RPUF, and fire growth index (FGI) of RPUF/TEOS10 was 024 times as low as unmodified RPUF. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of RPUF/TEOS composites were all higher comparing to RPUF. The addition of TEOS made the char layer more stable and compact in RPUF/TEOS composites, which inhibited the transfer of heat and oxygen. In conclusion, the fire safety performance of RPUF composites was improved by TEOS. In this work, a new way was provided to improve the fire safety performance of RPUF.

Key words: rigid polyurethane foam; fire safety performance; tetraethoxysilane; flame retardancy

收稿日期： 2023-04-01

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目（51776101）.

作者简介： 欧明昱（1999—），男，硕士研究生.*通信联系人.